20th International Congress of Arachnology

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DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS | No. 3, July 2, 2016
20th International Congress of Arachnology
Student - poster presentation
From Gondwana to GAARlandia: biogeog-
raphy of ogre-faced spiders (Deinopidae)
mirrors geologic history
*Lisa Chamberland1, Greta Binford2 , Anne McHugh1,
Sarah Kechejian1, Ann E. Howard1 , Jonathan Coddington3 ,
Jason E. Bond4, Christopher A. Hamilton4, Mark Harvey5 ,
Matjaž Kuntner3,6, Ingi Agnarsson1,3
1Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 109 Car-
rigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; 2Department
of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine
Hill Road, Portland, OR 97219, USA; 3Department of
Entomology, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012,
USA; 4 Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn
University Museum of Natural History, Auburn Univer-
sity, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; 5Department of Terrestrial
Invertebrates, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag
49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia;
6Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre, Slove-
nian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, P.O. Box
306, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Island biogeography continues to debate the relative
importance of dispersal versus vicariance. Old lineages
that do not readily cross oceanic barriers are especially
important because they can reflect ancient and recent as
well as global and local geological events. This multilocus
phylogeny and biogeographical analysis of ogre-faced
spiders (Deinopidae) tests the importance of vicariance
events during the ancient breakup of Gondwana and the
formation of present-day Caribbean islands. These data
support vicariance and Gondwanan history as the best
overall explanations of deinopid biogeographic patterns.
In particular the 100 mya split between the Old and New
World deinopid clades probably reflects the geological
separation of Africa and America. Although a single,
earlier dispersal to the proto-Antillean islands is possible,
the Greater Antilles were most likely colonized from South
America via the GAARlandia land bridge. Deinopis rarely
disperse overwater, but our results indicate dispersal events
from Africa to Madagascar, from South America to the
Lesser Antilles and a recent ‘reverse colonization’ from
Cuba to North America. Our results reveal greater species
diversity than is captured by current taxonomy, including
radiations within islands previously not known to have
Deinopis. Ogre-faced spiders are an old lineage of relatively
poor dispersers whose phylogeny reflects global and local
vicariance with rare dispersal events.
Keywords: Deinopis, ogre-faced spider, biogeography,
GAARlandia, Gondwana, vicariance, dispersal,
phylogeography
Student - oral presentation
The joint effect of predator and prey
personality on foraging strategy but not
success rate
*Chia-chen Chang1, Huey Yee Teo 1, Y. Norma-Rashid2.
Daiqin Li1
1 Department of Biological Science, National University
of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore;
2 Ecology and Biodiversity Programme, University of
Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Consistent inter-individual differences in behavior (i.e.
personality) of predators or prey alone is known to
influence species interactions, but how personality and
intra-individual variability (IIV) of both predators and
prey jointly influence the foraging success of predators
still remains largely unexplored. Here, we addressed this
using a spider-eating jumping spider, Portia labiata
(Salticidae) as a predator and a jumping spider Cosmo-
phasis umbratica as prey. We examined the personalities
of both P. labiata and C. umbratica in the laboratory and
used their behavioral variation as predictors of foraging
behavior. We found a joint effect of the predator and
prey personalities on foraging strategy (i.e., number of
attacks before capturing prey), but not on the time taken
to capture prey and the prey- capture success rate. Bolder
predators were able to capture prey when encountered
bold prey with fewer attempts than when encountered
shy prey. Boldness IIV of predators predicted the success
of prey capture: more consistently bold predators were
more likely to capture the prey. However, boldness IIV